HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANE BIOREACTORS: PERFORMANCE AND APPLICATIONS

Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors provide a efficient platform for biological applications. These reactors utilize loosely packed hollow fibers as the transmembrane element, offering optimal surface area for exchange. The design of the fibers enables efficient circulation of both substrate and effluent. Applications of hollow fiber membrane bioreac

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) utilizing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes have emerged as a promising method for wastewater treatment due to their high efficiency in removing both organic and inorganic pollutants. This article presents a comprehensive performance evaluation of PVDF membrane bioreactors, examining key factors such as permeate q